Prandtl number dependence of unsteady natural convection along a vertical plate in a stably stratified fluid

The Prandtl number dependence of unsteady laminar natural convection along an infinite vertical plate in a thermally stratified fluid is investigated. Flows are induced by an impulsive (step) change in plate temperature and by a suddenly imposed plate heat flux. Analytical solutions of the viscous equations of motion and thermodynamic energy are obtained for Prandtl numbers near unity by the method of Laplace transforms and a regular perturbation expansion. The zeroth-, firstand second-order terms in the expansion are obtained for an impulsive change in plate temperature, while the zerothand first-order terms are obtained for a sudden application of a plate heat flux. The developing boundary layers are thicker, more vigorous, and more sensitive to the Prandtl number at smaller Prandtl numbers (<1) than at larger Prandtl numbers (>1). The analytical results are confirmed and extended with results from numerical simulations for Prandtl numbers strongly deviating from unity. 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.